在病理样本的全坡度图像（WSI）中注释癌区域在临床诊断，生物医学研究和机器学习算法开发中起着至关重要的作用。但是，产生详尽而准确的注释是劳动密集型，具有挑战性和昂贵的。仅绘制粗略和近似注释是一项容易得多的任务，成本较小，并且可以减轻病理学家的工作量。在本文中，我们研究了在数字病理学中完善这些近似注释以获得更准确的问题的问题。以前的一些作品探索了从这些不准确的注释中获得机器学习模型，但是很少有人解决改进问题，在这些问题中，应该明确识别和纠正错误标签的区域，并且所有这些都需要大量的培训样本（通常很大） 。我们提出了一种名为标签清洁多个实例学习（LC-MIL）标签的方法，可在不需要外部培训数据的情况下对单个WSI进行粗略注释。从WSI裁剪的带有不准确标签的贴片在多个实例学习框架内共同处理，从而减轻了它们对预测模型的影响并完善分割。我们对具有乳腺癌淋巴结转移，肝癌和结直肠癌样品的异质WSI进行的实验表明，LC-MIL显着完善了粗糙的注释，即使从单个幻灯片中学习，LC-MIL也优于最先进的替代方案。此外，我们证明了拟议方法如何有效地完善和改进病理学家绘制的真实注释。所有这些结果表明，LC-MIL是一种有前途的，轻巧的工具，可提供从粗糙注释的病理组中提供细粒的注释。

A popular approach to creating a zero-shot cross-language retrieval model is to substitute a monolingual pretrained language model in the retrieval model with a multilingual pretrained language model such as Multilingual BERT. This multilingual model is fined-tuned to the retrieval task with monolingual data such as English MS MARCO using the same training recipe as the monolingual retrieval model used. However, such transferred models suffer from mismatches in the languages of the input text during training and inference. In this work, we propose transferring monolingual retrieval models using adapters, a parameter-efficient component for a transformer network. By adding adapters pretrained on language tasks for a specific language with task-specific adapters, prior work has shown that the adapter-enhanced models perform better than fine-tuning the entire model when transferring across languages in various NLP tasks. By constructing dense retrieval models with adapters, we show that models trained with monolingual data are more effective than fine-tuning the entire model when transferring to a Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) setting. However, we found that the prior suggestion of replacing the language adapters to match the target language at inference time is suboptimal for dense retrieval models. We provide an in-depth analysis of this discrepancy between other cross-language NLP tasks and CLIR.

The promise of Mobile Health (mHealth) is the ability to use wearable sensors to monitor participant physiology at high frequencies during daily life to enable temporally-precise health interventions. However, a major challenge is frequent missing data. Despite a rich imputation literature, existing techniques are ineffective for the pulsative signals which comprise many mHealth applications, and a lack of available datasets has stymied progress. We address this gap with PulseImpute, the first large-scale pulsative signal imputation challenge which includes realistic mHealth missingness models, an extensive set of baselines, and clinically-relevant downstream tasks. Our baseline models include a novel transformer-based architecture designed to exploit the structure of pulsative signals. We hope that PulseImpute will enable the ML community to tackle this significant and challenging task.

Granular jamming has recently become popular in soft robotics with widespread applications including industrial gripping, surgical robotics and haptics. Previous work has investigated the use of various techniques that exploit the nature of granular physics to improve jamming performance, however this is generally underrepresented in the literature compared to its potential impact. We present the first research that exploits vibration-based fluidisation actively (e.g., during a grip) to elicit bespoke performance from granular jamming grippers. We augment a conventional universal gripper with a computer-controllled audio exciter, which is attached to the gripper via a 3D printed mount, and build an automated test rig to allow large-scale data collection to explore the effects of active vibration. We show that vibration in soft jamming grippers can improve holding strength. In a series of studies, we show that frequency and amplitude of the waveforms are key determinants to performance, and that jamming performance is also dependent on temporal properties of the induced waveform. We hope to encourage further study focused on active vibrational control of jamming in soft robotics to improve performance and increase diversity of potential applications.

Recent advances in safety-critical risk-aware control are predicated on apriori knowledge of the disturbances a system might face. This paper proposes a method to efficiently learn these disturbances online, in a risk-aware context. First, we introduce the concept of a Surface-at-Risk, a risk measure for stochastic processes that extends Value-at-Risk -- a commonly utilized risk measure in the risk-aware controls community. Second, we model the norm of the state discrepancy between the model and the true system evolution as a scalar-valued stochastic process and determine an upper bound to its Surface-at-Risk via Gaussian Process Regression. Third, we provide theoretical results on the accuracy of our fitted surface subject to mild assumptions that are verifiable with respect to the data sets collected during system operation. Finally, we experimentally verify our procedure by augmenting a drone's controller and highlight performance increases achieved via our risk-aware approach after collecting less than a minute of operating data.

Density based representations of atomic environments that are invariant under Euclidean symmetries have become a widely used tool in the machine learning of interatomic potentials, broader data-driven atomistic modelling and the visualisation and analysis of materials datasets.The standard mechanism used to incorporate chemical element information is to create separate densities for each element and form tensor products between them. This leads to a steep scaling in the size of the representation as the number of elements increases. Graph neural networks, which do not explicitly use density representations, escape this scaling by mapping the chemical element information into a fixed dimensional space in a learnable way. We recast this approach as tensor factorisation by exploiting the tensor structure of standard neighbour density based descriptors. In doing so, we form compact tensor-reduced representations whose size does not depend on the number of chemical elements, but remain systematically convergeable and are therefore applicable to a wide range of data analysis and regression tasks.

我们提供了证据表明，学到的密度功能理论（``dft'）的力场已准备好进行基态催化剂发现。我们的关键发现是，尽管预测的力与地面真相有很大差异，但使用从超过50 \％的评估系统中使用RPBE功能的能量与使用RPBE功能相似或较低能量的力量的力量与使用RPBE功能相似或较低的力量放松。这具有令人惊讶的含义，即学习的潜力可能已经准备好在挑战性的催化系统中替换DFT，例如在Open Catalyst 2020数据集中发现的电位。此外，我们表明，在局部谐波能量表面上具有与目标DFT能量相同的局部谐波能量表面训练的力场也能够在50 \％的情况下找到较低或相似的能量结构。与在真实能量和力量训练的标准模型相比，这种``简易电位''的收敛步骤更少，这进一步加速了计算。它的成功说明了一个关键：即使模型具有高力误差，学到的电位也可以定位能量最小值。结构优化的主要要求仅仅是学到的电位具有正确的最小值。由于学到的电位与系统大小的速度快速且尺寸为线性，因此我们的结果开辟了快速找到大型系统基础状态的可能性。

在2D多板磁共振（MR）采集中，平面信号通常比面内信号较低。尽管当代超分辨率（SR）方法旨在恢复基本的高分辨率量，但估计的高频信息是通过端到端数据驱动的培训隐含的，而不是明确说明和寻求。为了解决这个问题，我们根据完美的重建过滤库重新构架SR问题声明，使我们能够识别并直接估计缺失的信息。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种两阶段的方法，以近似于与特定扫描的各向异性采集相对应的完美重建过滤库。在第1阶段，我们使用梯度下降估算缺失的过滤器，在第2阶段，我们使用深网来学习从粗系数到细节系数的映射。此外，提出的公式不依赖外部训练数据，从而规避了对域移位校正的需求。在我们的方法下，特别是在“切片差距”方案中提高了SR性能，这可能是由于框架施加的解决方案空间的限制。

Colbert-X是跨语言信息检索（CLIR）的密集检索模型。在克里尔（Clir）中，文档是用一种自然语言编写的，而查询则以另一种语言表示。相关任务是多语言IR（MLIR），该系统在其中创建了以多种语言编写的单个文档列表。鉴于Colbert-X依赖于预审慎的多语言神经语言模型对文档进行排名，因此，多语言培训程序可以使Colbert-X版本适合MLIR。本文描述了培训程序。良好MLIR排名的一个重要因素是使用混合语言批次进行微调XLM-R，其中相同的查询与同一批次中不同语言的文档匹配。MS MARCO通道的神经机器翻译用于微调模型。

机器学习，特别是深度学习方法在许多模式识别和数据处理问题，游戏玩法中都优于人类的能力，现在在科学发现中也起着越来越重要的作用。机器学习在分子科学中的关键应用是通过使用密度函数理论，耦合群或其他量子化学方法获得的电子schr \“ odinger方程的Ab-Initio溶液中的势能表面或力场。我们回顾了一种最新和互补的方法：使用机器学习来辅助从第一原理中直接解决量子化学问题。具体来说，我们专注于使用神经网络ANSATZ功能的量子蒙特卡洛（QMC）方法，以解决电子SCHR \ “ Odinger方程在第一和第二量化中，计算场和激发态，并概括多个核构型。与现有的量子化学方法相比，这些新的深QMC方法具有以相对适度的计算成本生成高度准确的Schr \“ Odinger方程的溶液。